1729 (number)



1729 is known as the Hardy-Ramanujan number, after a famous anecdote of the British mathematician G. H. Hardy regarding a hospital visit to the Indian mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan. In Hardy's words:

"I remember once going to see him when he was ill at Putney. I had ridden in taxi cab number 1729 and remarked that the number seemed to me rather a dull one, and that I hoped it was not an unfavorable omen. 'No,' he replied, 'it is a very interesting number; it is the smallest number expressible as the sum of two cubes in two different ways.'"

The quotation is sometimes expressed using the term "positive cubes", as the admission of negative perfect cubes (the cube of a negative integer) gives the smallest solution as 91 (which is a factor of 1729):


 * 91 = 63+(&minus;5)3 = 43+33

Of course, equating "smallest" with "most negative", as opposed to "closest to zero" gives rise to solutions like −91, −189, −1729, and further negative numbers. This ambiguity is eliminated by the term "positive cubes".

Numbers such as


 * 1729 = 13+123 = 93+103

that are the smallest number that can be expressed as the sum of two cubes in n distinct ways have been dubbed taxicab numbers. 1729 is the second taxicab number (the first is 2 = 13 + 13). The number was also found in one of Ramanujan's notebooks dated years before the incident.

1729 is the third Carmichael number, the first Euler pseudoprime, and a Zeisel number. It is a centered cube number, as well as a dodecagonal number, a 24-gonal and 84-gonal number.

Investigating pairs of distinct integer-valued quadratic forms that represent every integer the same number of times, Schiemann found that such quadratic forms must be in four or more variables, and the least possible discriminant of a four-variable pair is 1729.

Because in base 10 the number 1729 is divisible by the sum of its digits, it is a Harshad number. It also has this property in octal and hexadecimal, but not in binary.

1729 has another interesting property: the 1729th decimal place is the beginning of the first occurrence of all ten digits consecutively in the decimal representation of the transcendental number e. Although, of course, this fact would have been unknown to either mathematician, since the computer algorithms used to discover this were not implemented until much later.

Masahiko Fujiwara showed that 1729 is one of four natural numbers (the others are 81 and 1458 and the trivial case 1) which, when its digits are added together, produces a sum which, when multiplied by its reversed self, yields the original number:


 * 1 + 7 + 2 + 9 = 19
 * 19 &middot; 91 = 1729

Sightings

 * The Nimbus' hull registry number is BP-1729.
 * In, Bender receives a card identifying him as "Son #1729".
 * Ken Keeler, who has a Ph.D. in Applied Math, said "that 'joke' alone is worth six years of grad school."
 * A more obscure reference is in, in which it is revealed that Bender's serial number 9523 + (&minus;951)3 = 2716057, while that of fellow robot Flexo is 1193 + 1193 = 3370318. This datum is one of the pieces of evidence the episode uses to establish that Bender and Flexo are a pair of good-and-evil twins.
 * In, one of the Parallel Universes visited is Universe 1729, where everyone has bobble-heads.
 * The taxi that Fry enters in in 2012 is the number 87539319, which is the sum of two positive cubes in 3 ways. Also it is interesting that it is a taxicab number on a taxicab.